e-Discovery Core Glosssary: C
e-Discovery Core Glossary: Terminology
Below is a list of terminologies that are necessary for legal professionals involved with e-Discovery and Discovery litigation support.C………………………………………………………………………………………………….....
Cache A dedicated, high speed storage location that can be used for the temporary storage of frequently accessed data. As data may be retrieved more quickly from cache than the original storage location, cache allows applications to run more quickly.
Case DeDuplication Eliminates duplicates to retain only one copy of each document per case.
CDR (Compact Disc Recordable) A CDROM with which a user may permanently record data once using a CD Burner.
CDRW (Compact Disc ReWritable) A CDROM on which a user may record data multiple times.
Chain of Custody Documentation and testimony regarding the possession, movement, handling and location of evidence from the time it is obtained to the time it is presented in court; used to prove that evidence has not been altered or tampered with in any way; necessary both to assure admissibility and probative value.
Checksum A value used to guarantee data is stored or transmitted without error. It is created by calculating the binary values in a block of data using some algorithm and storing the results with the data. When the data is retrieved from memory or received at the other end of a network, a new checksum is computed and matched against the existing checksum. A non-match indicates an error.
CIFS (Common Internet File System) Used for client/server communication within Microsoft operating systems. Allowing users with different platforms and computers can share files without having to install new software.
Clawback Agreement An agreement outlining procedures to be followed to protect against waiver of privilege or work product protection due to inadvertent production of documents or data.
Client/Server An architecture whereby a computer system consists of one or more server computers and numerous client computers (workstations). The system is functionally distributed across several nodes on a network and is characterized by a high degree of parallel processing across distributed nodes. This noticeably reduces network data traffic and shields the database from workstation interruptions.
Client Any computer system that requests a service of another computer system. A workstation requesting the contents of a file from a file server is a client of the file server.
Cluster (File) The smallest unit of storage space that can be allocated to store a file on operating systems. Discs using smaller cluster sizes waste less space and store information more resourcefully.
Coding Process by which documents are examined and evaluated using predetermined codes, and the results recorded. Coding IDs names, dates, and relevant terms or phrases. Coding may be structured (limited to the selection of one of a finite number of choices), or unstructured (a narrative comment about a document). Coding may be objective, i.e., the name of the recipient or the date sent, or subjective, i.e., evaluation as to the relevancy or probative value of documents.
COLD (Computer Output to Laser Disc) A computer programming process that outputs electronic records and printed reports to laser disc instead of a printer.
CD (Compact Disc) A type of disc storage media, compact discs come in a multitude of formats. Including (but not limited to) CDROMs ("CD Read Only Memory") that are read only; CDRs ("CD Recordable") that are written to once and are then read only; and CDRWs ("CD ReWritable") that can be written multiple times.
Compliance Search The ID of and search for relevant terms and/or parties in response to a discovery request.
Compound Document A file that collects or combines multiple documents, often from different applications, into one by embedding objects or linked data. Multiple elements may be included, such as images, text, animation or hypertext.
Compression Compression algorithms such as Zip and RLE reduce the size of files saving both storage space and reducing bandwidth required for access and transmission. Data compression is widely used in backup utilities, spreadsheet applications and database management systems. Compression commonly eliminates redundant information and/or predicts where changes will occur. "Lossless" compression techniques such as Zip and RLE preserve the integrity of the input.
Computer Forensics Computer Forensics is the use of specialized techniques for recovery, authentication and analysis of electronic data when an investigation or litigation involves issues relating to reconstruction of computer usage, examination of residual data, and authentication of data by technical analysis or explanation of technical features of data and computer usage. Computer forensics requires specialized expertise that goes beyond normal data collection and preservation techniques available to end users or system support personnel, and generally requires strict adherence to chain of custody protocols.
Concept Search Refers to being able to search document for ideas versus specific keywords. Usually this is done by expanding you specific keywords with synonyms or related ideas.
Container File A single file containing multiple documents and/or files. .pst, .nsf and .zip files.
Contextual Search Searching electronic documents where the surrounding text is analyzed to ascertain relevancy.
Continuous Tone An image that has all the values of gray from white to black.
Control Numbering Internal IDs assigned to individual pages within a case/client matter. These numbers generally never applied/endorsed to the page/image.
Convergence Integration of computing, communications and broadcasting systems.
Cookie A message given to a Web browser by a Web server. The browser stores the message in a text file. The message is then sent back to the server each time the browser requests a page from the server. The main purpose of cookies is to identify users and possibly prepare customized Web pages for them.
Corrupted File A file damaged in some way, possibly by a virus, or by software or hardware failure, so that it is partially or completely unreadable by a computer.
COTS (Commercial Off The Shelf) Hardware or software products that are commercially manufactured, readymade and available for use by the general public without the need for customization.
CPU (Central Processing Unit) The primary silicon chip that runs a computer´s operating system and application software. It performs a computer´s essential functions and operations.
Custodian A Person having control of a network, computer or specific electronic files.
Cryptography Technique to scramble data to preserve confidentiality or authenticity.
Cull (Culling) To remove a document from the collection to be produced or reviewed. To cull historically referrers to the removal of an undesired object from a general group of items.
Custodian DeDuplication Culls a document to the extent multiple copies of that document reside within the same custodian´s data set.
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