e-Discovery Core Glosssary: M - N
e-Discovery Core Glossary: Terminology
Below is a list of terminologies that are necessary for legal professionals involved with e-Discovery and Discovery litigation support.M………………………………………………………………………………………………….....
Magnetic/Optical Storage Media Includes, but is not limited to, hard drives, backup tapes, CDROMs, DVDROMs, Jaz and Zip drives.
Malware Any type of malicious software program, typically installed illicitly, including viruses, Trojans, worms, key loggers, spyware, adware and others.
MD5 Message digest algorithm meant for digital signature applications where a large message has to be "compressed" in a secure manner before being signed with the private key.
Metadata Data typically stored electronically that describes characteristics of ESI, can be supplied by applications, users or the file system. Metadata can describe how, when and by whom ESI was collected, created, accessed, modified and how it is formatted- can be altered intentionally or inadvertently. Certain metadata can be extracted when native files are processed for litigation. Some metadata, such as file dates and sizes, can easily be seen by users; other metadata can be hidden or embedded and unavailable to computer users who are not technically adept. Metadata is generally not reproduced in full form when a document is printed to paper or electronic image.
Metadata Comparison A comparison of particular metadata as the basis for deduplication without regard to content.
Microsoft Outlook A personal information manager from Microsoft, part of the Microsoft Office suite. Frequently used as an email application, it also provides calendar, task and contact management, note taking, a journal and web browsing. Can be used as a standalone application, or operate in conjunction with Microsoft Exchange Server to provide enhanced functions for multiple users in an organization, such as shared mailboxes and calendars, public folders, and meeting time allocation.
Migration Moving ESI to another computer application or platform; may require conversion to a different format.
MODEM Modulator/Demodulator. A device that translates digital data from a computer into analog signals (modulates) and transmits the information over telephones lines. Another modem at the receiving computer will receive the information, translate it back from analog to digital (demodulate) and store it.
MPEG1, 2, 3, and 4 Different standards for full motion video to digital compression/decompression techniques advanced by the Moving Pictures Experts Group. MPEG1 compresses 30 frames/second of full motion video down to about 1.5 Mbits/sec from several hundred megabytes. MPEG2 compresses the same files down to about 3.0 Mbits/sec and provides better image quality. MPEG3 refers to the playing of CD clips.
Multimedia The combined use of different media; integrated video, audio, text and data graphics in digital form.
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Native Format Electronic documents have an associated file structure defined by the original creating application. This file structure is referred to as the "native format" of the document. Because viewing or searching documents in the native format may require the original application, documents may be converted to a neutral format as part of the record acquisition or archive process. "Static" formats (often called "imaged formats"), such as TIFF or PDF, are designed to retain an image of the document as it would look viewed in the original creating application but do not allow metadata to be viewed or the document information to be manipulated. In the conversion to static format, the metadata can be processed, preserved and electronically associated with the static format file. However, with technology advancements, tools and applications are becoming increasingly available to allow viewing and searching of documents in their native format, while still preserving all metadata.
Native Format Review Review of ESI in its current "native" format using either an application capable of supporting native format review or the original application in which the ESI was created.
Natural Language Search A manner of searching that permits the use of plain language without special connectors or precise terminology, such as "Where can I find information on Babe Ruth"" as opposed to formulating a search statement (such as "information" and "Babe Ruth")
Near Deduplication Identification and grouping or tagging of electronic files with "near duplicate" similarities, yet some differences in terms of content or metadata, or both for example, document versions, emails sent to multiple custodians, different parts of email chains, or similar proposals sent to several clients.
NearLine Data A term used to refer to ESI or a robotic storage device (robotic library) that houses removable media, uses robotic arms to access the media, and uses multiple read/write devices to store and retrieve records.
Network Gear Refers to the actual hardware used in the operation of networks (i.e. routers, switches and hubs).
NonApparent Data Data not normally seen on a printed version of ESI whether "printed" to paper or image, such as tiff or pdf.
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