e-Discovery Core Glosssary: Q - S
e-Discovery Core Glossary: Terminology
Below is a list of terminologies that are necessary for legal professionals involved with e-Discovery and Discovery litigation support.Q………………………………………………………………………………………………….....
QC (Quality Control) Steps taken to ensure that results of a given task, product or service are of sufficiently high quality; the operational techniques and activities that are used to fulfill requirements for quality. In document handling and management processes, this includes image quality (resolution, skew, speckle, legibility, etc.), and data quality (correct information in appropriate fields, validated data for dates, addresses, names/issues lists, etc.).
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RAM (Random Access Memory) Is Hardware inside a computer that retains memory on a short-term basis and stores information while the computer is in use. It is the "working memory" of the computer into which the operating system, startup applications and drivers are loaded when a computer is turned on, or where a program subsequently started up is loaded, and where thereafter, these applications are executed. RAM can be read or written in any section with one instruction sequence. It helps to have more of this "working space" installed when running advanced operating systems and applications. RAM content is erased each time a computer is turned off.
Record Custodian The record custodian is the individual responsible for the physical storage and protection of records throughout their retention period. In the context of electronic records, custodianship may not be a direct part of the records management function in all organizations. For example, some companies may place this responsibility within their IT Department, or they may assign responsibility for retaining and preserving records with individual employees.
Records Management Records Management is the planning, controlling, directing, organizing, training, promoting, and other managerial activities involving the lifecycle of information, including creation, maintenance (use, storage, retrieval), and disposition, regardless of media.
Records Retention Period, Retention Period The length of time a given records series must be kept, expressed as either as a time period, an event or action, or a combination.
Redaction A portion of an image or document is intentionally masked to thwart disclosure of specific portions. Often done to suppress and safeguard privileged portions of a given document. As well as to avoid production of irrelevant portions that may contain highly confidential, sensitive or proprietary information.
Remote Access Remote access allows and individual the ability to access and use digital information from an offsite location from where the information is physically located.
Render Images To take a native format electronic file and convert it to an image that appears as the original format file as if printed to paper.
Repository for Electronic Records Repository for Electronic Records is a direct access device on which the electronic records and associated metadata are stored.
Residual Data Also known as "Ambient Data", refers to data that is not active on a computer system. Residual data includes: (1) data found on media free space; (2) data found in file slack space; and (3) data within files that has functionally been deleted in that it is not visible using the application with which the file was created, without use of undelete or special data recovery techniques. May contain copies of deleted files, Internet files and file fragments.
Resolution Refers to the sharpness and clarity of an image. The term is most often used to describe monitors, printers, and graphic images.
Rip The procedure used to extract ESI files from container files, such as to unbundle email collections into individual emails, during the ediscovery process while preserving metadata, authenticity and ownership.
Root Directory Is the first or top-most directory in a hierarchy. It can be likened to the root of a tree - the starting point where all branches originate. For example on a PC, the root directory of your hard drive, usually C:, contains all the second level subdirectories on that drive.
Router A device that forwards data packets along networks. A router is connected to at least two networks, commonly two LANs or WANs or a LAN and its ISPs network. Routers are located at gateways, the places where two or more networks connect.
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SAN (Storage Area Network) A high speed subnetwork of shared storage devices. A storage device is a machine that contains nothing but a disc or discs for storing data. A SAN´s architecture works in a way that makes all storage devices available to all servers on a LAN or WAN. As more storage devices are added to a SAN, they too will be accessible from any server in the larger network. In this case, the server merely acts as a pathway between the end user and the stored data. Because stored data does not reside directly on any of a network´s servers, server power is utilized for business applications, and network capacity is released to the end user.
Scanning Software Is Software that enables a scanner to deliver industry standard formats for images in a collection; it also enables the use of OCR and coding of the images.
Search See Concept Search and Fuzzy Search
Server Any central computer on a network that contains ESI or applications shared by multiple users of the network on their client PCs. A computer that provides information to client machines. For example, there are web servers that send out web pages, mail servers that deliver email, list servers that administer mailing lists, FTP servers that hold FTP sites and deliver ESI to requesting users, and name servers that provide information about Internet host names.
Spoliation Is the destruction of records or properties, such as metadata, that may be relevant to ongoing or anticipated litigation, government investigation or audit. Courts differ in their interpretation of the level of intent required before sanctions may be warranted.
Storage Device A device capable of storing ESI. The term usually refers to mass storage devices, such as disc and tape drives.
Streaming Indexing Real time or near real time, indexing of data as it being moved from one storage medium to another.
Structured Data Is stored in a structured format, such as databases or data sets. Contrast to Unstructured Data.
Swap File A file used to temporarily store code and data for programs that are currently running. This information is left in the swap file after the programs are terminated, and may be retrieved using forensic techniques. Also referred to as a page file or paging file.
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